REVISION OUTLINE - RESPIRATION - INTEGRATED SCIENCE

1.    Define Aerobic Respiration

1.1.    word equation 

2.    Define Anaerobic Respiration

2.1.   word equation

2.1.1.   muscle

2.1.2.   yeast

3.    State ( industrial) applications of anaerobic respiration

3.1.   Breadmaking

3.2.   Brewing

3.3.   Yoghurt, cheese, sour cream

3.4.   Etc.

4.    Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

4.1.   Site of reaction

4.2.   Oxygen requirement

4.3.    in/complete breakdown of glucose

4.4.   products

4.5.   Amount of energy produced

5.   Describe experiment to show that living things respire

6.    Understand that in plants, products of photosynthesis are substrates of respiration

6.1.   Surplus of oxygen during day

6.2.   Surplus of  carbon dioxide during night

BREATHING

7.    Define Breathing

8.    Distinguish between breathing and respiration

9.    Describe the mechanism of breathing in humans

9.1.   Inspiration/Inhalation

9.2.   Expiration/Exhalation

10. Draw analogy between bell-jar model and human respiratory system ( bell jar, bung, Y-shaped tube,  2 balloons, rubber sheet)

11. Compare composition of inhaled air and exhaled air

11.1. Oxygen

11.2. Carbon dioxide

11.3. Nitrogen ^a

11.4. Noble gases

11.5. Water vapour

11.6. Heat

12. Describe the structure and function of the human respiratory system

12.1. Nose, mouth, trachea, larynx, rings of cartilage, bronchi (left bronchus and right bronchus), bronchioles, alveoli, pleural membrane, pleural fluid, pleural cavity, diaphragm, ribs, internal and external intercostal muscles)

13. Respiratory Problems due environmental pollution

13.1. Asthma

13.2. Bronchitis

13.3. Emphysema

13.4. Lung Cancer

GASEOUS EXCHANGE

14. Define gaseous exchange

15. State the characteristics common to gaseous exchange surfaces

15.1. Large surface area

15.2. Thin surface for rapid diffusion
15.3. Moist surface

15.3. Maintenance of concentration gradients 

16. Describe gaseous exchange in the alveoli

16.1. Labelled diagram required

16.2. Adaptations of the alveoli for gaseous exchange

17. Describe breathing mechanism in fish

18. Describe gaseous exchange in gills

18.1. Labelled diagram insightful

18.2. Adaptations of the gills for gaseous exchange

 a.    Some texts show a lower percentage composition of nitrogen in expired air, suggesting that some nitrogen is used. This is not the case.  The actual nitrogen content remains the same. However, since extra water vapour in expired air adds volume to total expired air, then the percentage composition of nitrogen works out to be less.